Exploring Extended Producer Responsibility in Thailand: Progress and Opportunities for Alternative Waste Management Policy

Abstract

Waste management, particularly plastic waste, is one the significant environmental challenges in Thailand. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a key policy approach, holding producers accountable for their products throughout their lifecycle, including take-back, recycling, and final disposal. This study examines the progress of EPR implementation in Thailand through document reviews, content analysis, and interviews with the business sector. The study aims to identify key outcomes and challenges associated with implementing EPR. Findings indicate that Thailand has made considerable progresses in adopting EPR, notably through the introduction of the Sustainable Packaging Management Act and enhanced collaboration among industry, government, and citizens. These initiatives are fostering innovative and collaborative waste management strategies by integrating businesses and consumers into the process with shared responsibilities. However, the research also highlights challenges, particularly the need for greater industry acceptance and enhanced consumer participation. Effective EPR implementation relies on businesses’ willingness to embrace their responsibilities and consumers’ commitment to engaging in recycling and waste reduction practices. While supportive legislation provides a necessary framework, the ultimate success of EPR in Thailand depends on widespread commitment from both the business sector and the public. The study emphasizes the importance of fostering broad acceptance and cooperation from all stakeholders to address challenges and achieve long-term improvements in waste management and sustainability.